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Permanent GPS Stations - Monumentation
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In choosing the appropriate monument type a number of factors must be taken into consideration such as science objective, data quality, budget, available location, installation time, and environmental impact. A number of designs are available (shown in table below). Click on monument name for more detailed information.
For details on site selection and additional information on monumentation in general consider reading: Physical Site Specifications: Geodetic Site Monumentation.
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Monument Comparison Table
The original table can be seen here.
Type |
Stability |
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Permanent |
Environmental Impact |
| Drilled Braced |
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high |
high |
2-4 d |
4+ |
BR, U |
Y |
significant |
|
high |
med |
1-2 d |
2 |
BR |
Y |
moderate |
| Pillar |
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med |
low - med |
1.5 d |
1-2 |
BR, U |
Y |
moderate |
| Stainless Steel Pin |
|
low |
1hr |
1 |
BR, R |
Y |
minimal |
| Other |
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med |
low |
2hr |
1 |
BR |
Y |
minimal |
|
med |
low |
1-2hr |
1 |
BR |
N |
minimal |
Install time: Estimated # of days to complete
Labor: Minumum # of people required
Foundation: BR = bedrock, U = unconsolidated, R = rooftop (parapet)
Cost: low = < $1000, med = < $5000, high = > $5000 -- Note that these are very rough approximations. The actual cost of a monument installation may vary depending upon site conditions and materials required.
Environmental Impact:
significant: large footprint, construction disturbance potentially lasting several years
moderate: modest footprint, construction disturbance small, short duration
minimal: hardly any footprint, construction disturbance negligible
*depends upon the material the pin is set within
Last modified Friday, 21-Mar-2008 16:08:47 MDT
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